The Nuremberg Code

#6 The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment.

https://history.nih.gov/display/history/Nuremberg+Code

The Nuremberg Code

#5 No experiment should be conducted, where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects.

https://history.nih.gov/display/history/Nuremberg+Code

The Nuremberg Code

#4 The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.

https://history.nih.gov/display/history/Nuremberg+Code

The Nuremberg Code

#3 The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study, that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment.

https://history.nih.gov/display/history/Nuremberg+Code

The Nuremberg Code

#1 ... The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity.

https://history.nih.gov/display/history/Nuremberg+Code

The Nuremberg Code

#1 The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.

https://history.nih.gov/display/history/Nuremberg+Code